Days of the Pharaohs: 2010.05

First appearance of the Jews in ancient Egypt

May 14, 2010

First appearance of the Jews in ancient Egypt

The first appearance of the jews in the old history was accompanied by the migration of Ibrahim the father of all the prophits from Kildan (Iraq) across the desert to the land of the Kanaan people who are the origin of the Finijians in Lebanon and the Palastinians in Palastine. That was around the year 1800 B.C
The first appearance of the Jews in Egypt was started by the migration of Jaccob and his 11 sons from palastine to Egypt seeking better life after there lands became dry. There they reunioned with there brother Josef who has became the secretary of treasury during the reign of the Heksus in Egypt.

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Egyptian scribes had to study as long as 12 years. They learned arithmetic, reading and writing. But their writing consisted of several hundred picture signs instead of an alphabet as we know it. These picture signs are known as hieroglyphs.

Each hieroglyph is a small picture that represents a different word or idea. For instance, a set of wavy lines symbolized “water”. A circle within a circle represented the sun. A man with his hand to his mouth could be the hieroglyph for “eat”, but it could also mean “silent”.

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Learn Hieroglyphic 12 episodes watch online 2/12

Egyptian scribes had to study as long as 12 years. They learned arithmetic, reading and writing. But their writing consisted of several hundred picture signs instead of an alphabet as we know it. These picture signs are known as hieroglyphs.

Each hieroglyph is a small picture that represents a different word or idea. For instance, a set of wavy lines symbolized “water”. A circle within a circle represented the sun. A man with his hand to his mouth could be the hieroglyph for “eat”, but it could also mean “silent”.

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Learn Hieroglyphic 12 episodes watch online 3/12

Egyptian scribes had to study as long as 12 years. They learned arithmetic, reading and writing. But their writing consisted of several hundred picture signs instead of an alphabet as we know it. These picture signs are known as hieroglyphs.

Each hieroglyph is a small picture that represents a different word or idea. For instance, a set of wavy lines symbolized “water”. A circle within a circle represented the sun. A man with his hand to his mouth could be the hieroglyph for “eat”, but it could also mean “silent”.

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Egyptian scribes had to study as long as 12 years. They learned arithmetic, reading and writing. But their writing consisted of several hundred picture signs instead of an alphabet as we know it. These picture signs are known as hieroglyphs.

Each hieroglyph is a small picture that represents a different word or idea. For instance, a set of wavy lines symbolized “water”. A circle within a circle represented the sun. A man with his hand to his mouth could be the hieroglyph for “eat”, but it could also mean “silent”.

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Egyptian scribes had to study as long as 12 years. They learned arithmetic, reading and writing. But their writing consisted of several hundred picture signs instead of an alphabet as we know it. These picture signs are known as hieroglyphs.

Each hieroglyph is a small picture that represents a different word or idea. For instance, a set of wavy lines symbolized “water”. A circle within a circle represented the sun. A man with his hand to his mouth could be the hieroglyph for “eat”, but it could also mean “silent”.

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Egyptian scribes had to study as long as 12 years. They learned arithmetic, reading and writing. But their writing consisted of several hundred picture signs instead of an alphabet as we know it. These picture signs are known as hieroglyphs.

Each hieroglyph is a small picture that represents a different word or idea. For instance, a set of wavy lines symbolized “water”. A circle within a circle represented the sun. A man with his hand to his mouth could be the hieroglyph for “eat”, but it could also mean “silent”.

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Egyptian scribes had to study as long as 12 years. They learned arithmetic, reading and writing. But their writing consisted of several hundred picture signs instead of an alphabet as we know it. These picture signs are known as hieroglyphs.

Each hieroglyph is a small picture that represents a different word or idea. For instance, a set of wavy lines symbolized “water”. A circle within a circle represented the sun. A man with his hand to his mouth could be the hieroglyph for “eat”, but it could also mean “silent”.

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Learn Hieroglyphic 12 episodes watch online 8/12

Egyptian scribes had to study as long as 12 years. They learned arithmetic, reading and writing. But their writing consisted of several hundred picture signs instead of an alphabet as we know it. These picture signs are known as hieroglyphs.

Each hieroglyph is a small picture that represents a different word or idea. For instance, a set of wavy lines symbolized “water”. A circle within a circle represented the sun. A man with his hand to his mouth could be the hieroglyph for “eat”, but it could also mean “silent”.

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Egyptian scribes had to study as long as 12 years. They learned arithmetic, reading and writing. But their writing consisted of several hundred picture signs instead of an alphabet as we know it. These picture signs are known as hieroglyphs.

Each hieroglyph is a small picture that represents a different word or idea. For instance, a set of wavy lines symbolized “water”. A circle within a circle represented the sun. A man with his hand to his mouth could be the hieroglyph for “eat”, but it could also mean “silent”.

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Learn Hieroglyphic 12 episodes watch online 10/12

Egyptian scribes had to study as long as 12 years. They learned arithmetic, reading and writing. But their writing consisted of several hundred picture signs instead of an alphabet as we know it. These picture signs are known as hieroglyphs.

Each hieroglyph is a small picture that represents a different word or idea. For instance, a set of wavy lines symbolized “water”. A circle within a circle represented the sun. A man with his hand to his mouth could be the hieroglyph for “eat”, but it could also mean “silent”.

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Learn Hieroglyphic 12 episodes watch online 11/12

Egyptian scribes had to study as long as 12 years. They learned arithmetic, reading and writing. But their writing consisted of several hundred picture signs instead of an alphabet as we know it. These picture signs are known as hieroglyphs.

Each hieroglyph is a small picture that represents a different word or idea. For instance, a set of wavy lines symbolized “water”. A circle within a circle represented the sun. A man with his hand to his mouth could be the hieroglyph for “eat”, but it could also mean “silent”.

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Learn Hieroglyphic 12 episodes watch online 12/12

Egyptian scribes had to study as long as 12 years. They learned arithmetic, reading and writing. But their writing consisted of several hundred picture signs instead of an alphabet as we know it. These picture signs are known as hieroglyphs.

Each hieroglyph is a small picture that represents a different word or idea. For instance, a set of wavy lines symbolized “water”. A circle within a circle represented the sun. A man with his hand to his mouth could be the hieroglyph for “eat”, but it could also mean “silent”.

ANCIENT EGYPT BEFORE EMPIRE AGE

May 13, 2010

ANCIENT EGYPT BEFORE EMPIRE AGE

In nearly prehistoric times, the Nile valley was not a great place to live. Each summer, floodwaters filled the narrow gorge cliffto cliff. When they receded, the valley remained wet and marshy.

But it was a hunter’s paradise. The Nile was alive with fish. Papyrus thickets teemed with game birds. Antelopes, gazelles, oryxes, and wild bulls grazed in lush greenery near the cliffs. Crocodiles and hippos patrolled river shallows and muddy pools.

From 8000 to 5000 B.C.E., the Nile valley and surrounding deserts were much cooler and wetter than they are today. But the climate was changing rapidly, turning hotter and drier. The valley started drying out more quickly after the annual floods. Soon, some spots on the sandy plateaus that rose up to the cliffs were dry year-round.

Luxor Temple

Luxor Temple

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EGYPT OLD KINGDOM

EGYPT OLD KINGDOM

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Cities Of Pharaohs

Cities Of Pharaohs

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Amazing Secrets from Ancient Egypt

Amazing Secrets from Ancient Egypt

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ANCIENT EGYPT INUNDATION

ANCIENT EGYPT INUNDATION

Each year, spring rains and melting snows in the Ethiopian highlands poured into the Blue Nile, carrying huge quantities of volcanic silt (fine particles of earth) and decaying vegetation. These “green waters,” saturated with minerals and organic material, started to reach Egypt by June.

A month later, a wave of muddy water, enriched with silt and red earth, poured into the Nile from the Blue Nile and the Atbara. It washed over the valley floor, depositing millions of tons of mineral-laden silt, potash, and organic materials.

EGYPT, THE WORLD’S FIRST SUPERPOWER

EGYPT

, THE WORLD’S FIRST SUPERPOWER

Was born about 5000 B.C.E. in the valley of the Nile River in northeastern Africa. Tucked into a long, narrow gorge threaded by the river and bounded by steep cliffs, Egypt enjoyed a predictable, mostly pleasant climate and natural barriers against invasion. To the west lay the Sahara Desert, to the east a harsh, mountainous wasteland. To the south, a series of six great rapids (called cataracts) obstructed the river. To the north was the “Great Green:”

Writing INSTRUMENTS OF ANCIENT EGYPT

May 12, 2010

Writing INSTRUMENTS OF ANCIENT EGYPT

Papyrus books Ink brush

In the higher grades the student was allowed to use paper. One of the main items of Egyptian trade, and one of the permanent gifts to the world is Ancient Egypt writing on paper.

The stem of the papyrus plant was cut into strips, other strips were placed crosswise upon these, the sheet was pressed, and paper, the very stuff (and nonsense) of civilization, was made.

How well they made it may be judged from the fact that manuscripts written by them five thousand years ago are still intact and legible.

Sheets were combined into books by gumming the right edge of one sheet to the left edge of the next; in this way rolls were produced which were sometimes forty yards in length; they were seldom longer, for there were no verbose historians in Egypt.

Ink, black and indestructible, was made by mixing water with soot and vegetable gums on a wooden palette; the pen was a simple reed, fashioned at the tip into a tiny brush.

Education STYLE OF Ancient Egypt

Education STYLE OF Ancient Egypt

One high-priest, who was what we should term Minister or Secretary of Education, calls himself "Chief of the Royal Stable of Instruction.

In the ruins of a school which was apparently part of the Ramesseum a large number of shells has been found, still bearing the lessons of the ancient pedagogue.

The teacher's function in ancient

Egypt

education was to produce scribes for the clerical work of the state.

To stimulate his pupils he wrote eloquent essays on the advantages of education;

"Give thy heart to learning, and love her like a mother, for there is nothing so precious as learning." says one edifying papyrus

"Behold," says another, "there is no profession that is not governed; it is only the learned man who rules himself."

It is a misfortune to be a soldier, writes an early bookworm; it is a weariness to till the earth; the only happiness is "to turn the heart to books during the daytime and to read during the night.

Copy-books survive from the days of the Empire with the corrections of the masters still adorning the margins; the abundance of errors would console the modern schoolboy.

Ra and Isis the great Legend

Ra and Isis the great Legend

This Legend is found written in the hieratic character upon a papyrus preserved in Turin, and it illustrates a portion of the preceding Legend.

We have seen that Râ instructed Thoth to draw up a series of spells to be used against venomous reptiles of all kinds, and the reader will perceive from the following summary that Râ had good reason for doing this.

The Legend opens with a list of the titles of Râ, the "self-created god," creator of heaven, earth, breath of life, fire, gods, men, beasts, cattle, reptiles, feathered fowl, and fish, the King of gods and men, to whom cycles of 120 years are as years, whose manifold names are unknown even by the gods.

Kinds of ancient Egypt hair style

Kinds of ancient Egypt hair style

Wigs were so popular among the Egyptians; however, there is speculation that there might have been a combination of the religious custom of shaving the head and the practical problem of keeping the hair clean and free of vermin in the hot Egyptian climate. There is also evidence that they had a taste for elaborate hair styles which could not be combed out frequently.

Ancient Egypt Medicine

Ancient

Egypt

Medicine

A moment in the life of an Egyptian physician of the Eighteenth Dynasty (1500-1400 B.C.) is captured in this painting. The physician is confronted with a patient having symptoms paralleling those cited in the third diagnosis of the seventh case history recorded in the Edwin Smith papyrus. Most of the elements of ancient Egyptian medicine are here: The physician, clothed in clean white linen and a wig, as becomes the dignity of his status. The patient, likely a member of a noble household, supported by a “brick chair.” Treatment is proceeding under the sure, sympathetic hands of the physician in accordance with the course prescribed in the scroll held in the hands of an assistant. Magico-religious rites are being observed by priests trained in this adjunctive specialty. The best care that the science and knowledge of the day can provide is focused on the patient.

History of Cleopatra

May 11, 2010

History of Cleopatra

Queen Cleopatra of

Egypt

is the most well known of all the ancient egyptian queens. Cleopatra was born in Alexandria in 69 B.C. during the reign of the Ptolemy family to Ptolemy XII. Cleopatra appears to have been a popular name in the family, as her mother bore the name as well as an older sister, making the new daughter Cleopatra the Seventh, although she is rarely referred to as such. Cleopatra and her family were not Egyptian, but rather Macedonian, descended through a general of Alexander the Great. Cleopatra would become the first ruler of her family who could actually speak the Egyptian language.

History of Queen Hatshepsut

History of Queen Hatshepsut

The accomplishments of Queen Hatshepsut are many, but perhaps the greatest of all was her ability to rule

Egypt

during the 18th Dynasty. Until this time it had been extremely rare for a woman to sit on the throne of

Egypt

and unheard of for a woman to boldly assume the role of pharaoh.

History of Queen Hatshepsut

Music of Ancient Egypt 8

Music of Ancient Egypt 7

Music of Ancient Egypt 6

Music of Ancient Egypt 5

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Music of Ancient Egypt 3

Music of Ancient Egypt 2

Music of Ancient Egypt 1

Royal Procession Scene from the Polish film Faraon

May 10, 2010

The temple of Luxor

The temple of Luxor

The obelisk and first pylon of the temple of Luxor, with the two colossi, partially buried by sand, depicting Ramesses II, painted by David Robert.

The temple of Esna

The temple of Esna

Nothing remains of the temple of Esna, built during the Ptolemic Period, but this hypostyle hall, dating to the rules of Tiberius and Vespasian. It was used as late as the end of the nineteenth century as a cotton warehouse and later still as an arsenal.

The Ramesseum

The Ramesseum

The second courtyard of the Ramesseum, the memorial temple of Ramesses II in western Thebes, which Roberts called the Memnonium. The giant colossus of Ramesses II, the 'Sun of the rulers', lies toppled in the sand.

The kiosk of Trajan on the island of Philae

The kiosk of Trajan on the island of Philae

The kiosk of Trajan on the island of Philae, It was called by David Roberts an 'hypaethral temple', since it had no roof, and was described by the natives of the area as the ‘bed of the pharaoh’. In reality, the building, with perfect architectural proportions, was originally covered by a wooden roof, and was a wayside chapel for the sacred barque of Isis carried in procession during the great ceremonies held in honour of the goddess.

The four colossi depicting Ramesses II

The four colossi depicting Ramesses II

The four colossi depicting Ramesses II, carved into the rock and almost covered by sand, adorned the façade of the great temple of Abu Simbel built by Ramesses II. It was rediscovered by the Swiss orientalist and traveller Johann Ludwig Burckhardt in 1813. Four years later, in 1817, the first Europeans penetrated the interior of the temple. One of Belzoni’s feats was to free façade of the monument from the enormous mass of sand engulfing it.

Temple of Horus at Edfu

Temple of Horus at Edfu

When Roberts painted the portico of the temple of Horus at Edfu it was still partly buried in sand. This Ptolemaic temple was not uncovered until 1860, when it was excavated by the Egyptologist Auguste Mariette.

Temple of Abu Simbel

Temple of Abu Simbel

The interior of the impressive temple of Abu Simbel has a pronaos with eight giant Osiride pillars, each standing about 10 m (33 ft) tall, depicting the pharaoh as Osiris, Lord of the Under-world.

Although it had been discovered only 25 years prior to the visit by David Roberts, the temple was a popular destination for many visitors, and the Scottish painter was shocked at the amount of graffiti left by tourists orb the walls of the monument, which, according to Roberts, was alone worth the difficult trip to Nubia.

Ancient Egyptians Equestrian Sports

Ancient Egyptians Equestrian Sports

Weightlifting was one of the sports known by the ancient Egyptians. One method of weightlifting was the attempt to lift a heavy sack of sand with one hand (clean and jerk lift) and keep it high in a quasi-vertical position. The player had to stay in that position for a short period. This is one of the rules of weightlifting applied till now.

Ancient Egyptians Weightlifting

Ancient Egyptians Weightlifting

Weightlifting was one of the sports known by the ancient Egyptians. One method of weightlifting was the attempt to lift a heavy sack of sand with one hand (clean and jerk lift) and keep it high in a quasi-vertical position. The player had to stay in that position for a short period. This is one of the rules of weightlifting applied till now.

Ancient Egyptians Tug of War

Ancient Egyptians Tug of War

One of the ancient Egyptian plates at the "Marorika tomb" shows teams standing in two opposite rows, with the first players of each row holding hands and pulling back each other while the other members of each team hold each other tightly by the waist and try to pull back the opposite team.

The first contestant in the front has one foot supported by that of his opposite number. This sport is still practised in the Egyptian countryside.

Ancient Egyptians Tug of Hoop

Ancient Egyptians Tug of Hoop

This is an ancient Egyptian game in which two players compete in pulling the hoop swiftly. Each contestant fixes a hooked staff to hinder any snatch of the hoop by the other player. This game needs sharp physical maneuvers and strict observation, particularly because the hooked staff is used both to pull the hoop and support it from falling flat on the floor.

Ancient Egyptians Swimming

Ancient Egyptians Swimming

Swimming was the favorite sport of the ancient Egyptians, who made use of the River Nile to practice it. The Nile was not the only place for swimming contests. Noblemen's palaces had swimming pools in which princes learnt the sport.

The calm waters of the Nile encouraged youths to hold swimming competitions in which they could show their skills.

Ancient Egyptians Rowing

Ancient Egyptians Rowing

Rowing was one of the sports that required most physical strength on the part of the ancient Egyptian. Plates recorded team-rowing in which the players depended on harmonizing their rowing according to the directives of their leader who held the rudder. The leader also controlled their movement through a high-pitched systematic call to unify the moment when oars touched the surface of the water and that helped to push the boat forward more steadily and swiftly - a method still being adopted in rowing nowadays.

Ancient Egyptians Rhythmic Gymnastics

Ancient Egyptians Rhythmic Gymnastics

The picture shows four players performing rhythmic gymnastics in different positions. The one on the left stands on one foot, stretching his two arms horizontally, and lifting one leg as high as possible to the front to help him revolve swiftly and lightly.

The two players in the middle are standing facing each other, bending their arms near their shoulders while twisting their waists towards the left and right.

The fourth player stands on his head upside down in perfect equilibrium, without touching the floor with his arms. All these positions are close to some practised in today's rhythmic gymnastics.

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